| Gyaincain Norbu Details
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| 11th Panchen Lama according to some sources | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Reign | 8 December 1995 - present (16 years, 134 days) |
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| Predecessor | Choekyi Gyaltsen | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Born | 13 February 1990 Lhari County, Tibet, China |
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Gyaincain Norbu (Tibetan: ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་་, Wylie: Chos-kyi Rgyal-po, ZYPY: Qoigyijabu; also Gyaltsen Norbu, born February 13, 1990) is, according to the government of the People's Republic of China, the eleventh Panchen Lama of Tibetan Buddhism. He is also the vice president of the Buddhist Association of China and a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
Norbu was selected by the drawing of his name from a Golden Urn. The People's Republic of China favored this method of selecting reincarnations, as opposed to the other traditional Tibetan method of recognition by senior lamas. Gedhun Choekyi Nyima, the boy selected by the 14th Dalai Lama and members of the Tibetan government in exile, has been detained by the Chinese Government since the exile government selected him. Neither the Chinese nor the Tibetan exile governments recognize each other's selection for the Panchen Lama.[1]
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Gyaincain Norbu's full religious name is Jizün Losang Qamba Lhünzhub Qoigyijabu Baisangbu, although he is generally called Qoigyijabu. Meaning "Dharma king", this name can also be written Chökyi Gyalpo, Choekyi Gyalpo, or, in Wylie transliteration, Chos-kyi Rgyal-po. The Chinese equivalent is Quèjí Jiébù (确吉杰布).
The secular name, Gyaincain Norbu (Tibetan: རྒྱལ་མཚན་ནོར་བུ་, Wylie: Rgyal-mtshan Nor-bu), can also be written Gyaencaen Norbu, Gyancain Norbu, or Gyaltsen Norbu.
Gyaincain Norbu was born on February 13, 1990 in Lhari County in northern Tibet Autonomous Region.[2] He is the son of two Communist Party members.[3] He had been living in Beijing during his early childhood to be educated in a Chinese way, and moved back to Tashilhunpo Monastery for his enthronement, in Shigatse, the official seat of the Panchen Lamas. He developed altitude sickness when he first moved back, but overcame it quickly.[4] Since his selection as Panchen Lama, he has studied Tibetan Buddhism,[5] to his studies he added Tibetan language, sutra, and logic at ten; he is bilingual in both Tibetan and Chinese.[6] He spent most of his later childhood studying Buddhism in Beijing.[5] In a rare appearance for his adolescent age, Norbu delievered a speech in Tibetan for the opening ceremony of the 2006 World Buddhist Forum about Buddhism and national unity.[7] Reportedly, it received a cold reception among delegates,[8] with fellow Buddhists making no attempt to greet Gyaltsen Norbu during greeting ceremonies ahead of the conference on Wednesday[9] Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama had not been invited, because he is viewed by China as "a long-time stubborn secessionist who has tried to split his Chinese motherland and break the unity among different ethnic groups."[10]
Two years later, he denounced anti-Han riots in Lhasa, saying "We resolutely oppose all activities to split the country and undermine ethnic unity".[11] China promotes him as "the public face of Tibetan Buddhism".[12]
On February 3, 2010 Norbu was elected vice president of the Buddhist Association of China.[13] Later that month, Norbu became at 20 the youngest member[12] of the advisory body National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. Vice chairman of the Tibet Autonomous Region Hao Peng praised his appointment, in particular for Norbu's "demonstrating the role of the living Buddhas in Tibetan Buddhism and encouraging more believers to participate in state affairs".[14] He was not, however, made vice chairman of the CPPCC, as the 10th Panchen Lama was and was widely expected of Norbu. Still, the Tibetan government in exile expressed concern that his appointment could prejudice his position on the next Dalai Lama, who normally requires approval from the Panchen Lama.[12]
On May 2010, he reported to the ethnically Tibetan earthquake zone of the 2010 Yushu earthquake and held prayer services for victims.[15] In June, he gave speeches at Tibet University and Tibet University of Traditional Tibetan Medicine in Lhasa promoting the value of education.[5] In response to the 2010 Gansu mudslide, in which Zhugqu County, a 1/3 Tibetan area was hit, he donated ¥50,000 to relief efforts and prayed for the victims.[16] He pays visits the Tashilhunpo Monastery, the traditional seat of the Panchen Lama, although he does not live there.[6] The Asia Times describes him as "A slight man who wears thick glasses and traditional crimson robes".[12]
Following the death of the 10th Panchen Lama in 1989, both the Tibetan government in exile and the Chinese government started parallel processes in the six year long search for the 11th Panchen Lama.[1]
The head of the Chinese government's Panchen Lama search committee at the time, Chadrel Rinpoche, was able to secretly communicate with the Dalai Lama. He planned to submit the Dalai Lama's favored choice to the government. When the government learned of this conspiracy,[17] they arrested Chadrel.[18] The Dalai Lama moved to pre-empt China's choice, and proclaimed his own preferred candidate, Gedhun Choekyi Nyima, as the 11th incarnation of the Panchen Lama. Four days later, Chinese security forces escorted him from his home in Lhari County, stating that he "was at risk of being kidnapped by Tibetan separatists".[18] China rejects Nyima as being "arbitrarily" chosen,[19] while the Tibetan government in exile similarly insists on its candidate's legitimacy. However, Tashi Wangdi, an exile government figure and representative to the Dalai Lama said of Norbu, "I think if he wants to pursue religious leadership, in Tibetan customs we have more than one reincarnation. If he proves himself to be a good practitioner and religious leader, people will treat him as a reincarnation."[20] This is disputed by Tashi Wangdi, the Representative to the Dalai Lama, who said that Gyaincain Norbu lacks legitimacy in the eyes of the Tibetan people, who are forced to attend his ceremonies. "They can’t keep their Panchen Lama in Tibet. They tried to bring him to his monastery many times but people would not see him. How can you have a religious leader like that?"[21]
Chadrel was replaced on the search committee by Sengchen Lobsang Gyaltsen.[22] The new committee decided to choose the Panchen Lama from a list of finalists by drawing lots from a Golden Urn. The Chinese custom of using the Golden Urn had been introduced in the year 1792 by the Qianlong Emperor and used to select the 10th, 11th, and 12th Dalai Lamas.[17] Four days before his death, the China Tibet Information Center reports, the 10th Panchen Lama requested that the Golden Urn process be used to select his successor.[23] According to Arjia Rinpoche, an important lama who attended the ceremony, Ye Xiaowen, the central government official in charge of the Panchen Lama issue, stated privately that the selection had been rigged in favor of Gyaincain Norbu[24].
Six-year old Gyaincain Norbu was selected on December 8, 1995 with the religious name Qoigyijabu. Exiled Tibetan abbot Arjia Rinpoche, alleges that an official told him that the ceremony, which he attended, was rigged in favor of Norbu.[25] Gyaincain Norbu was enthroned at Tashilhunpo Monastery and has since assumed the full functions of Panchen Lama.[26]
On September 14, 2010, the foreign minister of Singapore, George Yeo, became the first foreign member of government to meet officially with Gyaincain Norbu, at the Xihuang Monastery in Beijing.[27]
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Gyaincain Norbu
Born: 1990 February 13 |
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| Buddhist titles | ||
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| Preceded by Choekyi Gyaltsen |
Reincarnation of the Panchen Lama (People's Republic of China interpretation) 1995-present |
Incumbent |
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